Hi C.lehner,
I fall on same issue, and I found half answer.
1) You must update (edit) your user/company collection symbol, never the local project symbol. So when you try to place one more from there you get the message your local project collection will be update.
2) I think on previous process you don't even need to place one, you just need to drop and down and click yes for library update.
3) I found already installed old symbols are not updated till project is closed and open again. Sorry I am novice and I don't know if there is another way to force to update all proyect.
Note: I miss the option to update only the collection you have modified and full collections updated is required when a new symbol is added (even from symbol manager tool "save as file" command).