#
# The Python Imaging Library
# $Id$
#
# JPEG2000 file handling
#
# History:
# 2014-03-12 ajh  Created
# 2021-06-30 rogermb  Extract dpi information from the 'resc' header box
#
# Copyright (c) 2014 Coriolis Systems Limited
# Copyright (c) 2014 Alastair Houghton
#
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
from __future__ import annotations

import io
import os
import struct
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import IO, cast

from . import Image, ImageFile, ImagePalette, _binary


class BoxReader:
    """
    A small helper class to read fields stored in JPEG2000 header boxes
    and to easily step into and read sub-boxes.
    """

    def __init__(self, fp: IO[bytes], length: int = -1) -> None:
        self.fp = fp
        self.has_length = length >= 0
        self.length = length
        self.remaining_in_box = -1

    def _can_read(self, num_bytes: int) -> bool:
        if self.has_length and self.fp.tell() + num_bytes > self.length:
            # Outside box: ensure we don't read past the known file length
            return False
        if self.remaining_in_box >= 0:
            # Inside box contents: ensure read does not go past box boundaries
            return num_bytes <= self.remaining_in_box
        else:
            return True  # No length known, just read

    def _read_bytes(self, num_bytes: int) -> bytes:
        if not self._can_read(num_bytes):
            msg = "Not enough data in header"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        data = self.fp.read(num_bytes)
        if len(data) < num_bytes:
            msg = f"Expected to read {num_bytes} bytes but only got {len(data)}."
            raise OSError(msg)

        if self.remaining_in_box > 0:
            self.remaining_in_box -= num_bytes
        return data

    def read_fields(self, field_format: str) -> tuple[int | bytes, ...]:
        size = struct.calcsize(field_format)
        data = self._read_bytes(size)
        return struct.unpack(field_format, data)

    def read_boxes(self) -> BoxReader:
        size = self.remaining_in_box
        data = self._read_bytes(size)
        return BoxReader(io.BytesIO(data), size)

    def has_next_box(self) -> bool:
        if self.has_length:
            return self.fp.tell() + self.remaining_in_box < self.length
        else:
            return True

    def next_box_type(self) -> bytes:
        # Skip the rest of the box if it has not been read
        if self.remaining_in_box > 0:
            self.fp.seek(self.remaining_in_box, os.SEEK_CUR)
        self.remaining_in_box = -1

        # Read the length and type of the next box
        lbox, tbox = cast(tuple[int, bytes], self.read_fields(">I4s"))
        if lbox == 1:
            lbox = cast(int, self.read_fields(">Q")[0])
            hlen = 16
        else:
            hlen = 8

        if lbox < hlen or not self._can_read(lbox - hlen):
            msg = "Invalid header length"
            raise SyntaxError(msg)

        self.remaining_in_box = lbox - hlen
        return tbox


def _parse_codestream(fp: IO[bytes]) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], str]:
    """Parse the JPEG 2000 codestream to extract the size and component
    count from the SIZ marker segment, returning a PIL (size, mode) tuple."""

    hdr = fp.read(2)
    lsiz = _binary.i16be(hdr)
    siz = hdr + fp.read(lsiz - 2)
    lsiz, rsiz, xsiz, ysiz, xosiz, yosiz, _, _, _, _, csiz = struct.unpack_from(
        ">HHIIIIIIIIH", siz
    )

    size = (xsiz - xosiz, ysiz - yosiz)
    if csiz == 1:
        ssiz = struct.unpack_from(">B", siz, 38)
        if (ssiz[0] & 0x7F) + 1 > 8:
            mode = "I;16"
        else:
            mode = "L"
    elif csiz == 2:
        mode = "LA"
    elif csiz == 3:
        mode = "RGB"
    elif csiz == 4:
        mode = "RGBA"
    else:
        msg = "unable to determine J2K image mode"
        raise SyntaxError(msg)

    return size, mode


def _res_to_dpi(num: int, denom: int, exp: int) -> float | None:
    """Convert JPEG2000's (numerator, denominator, exponent-base-10) resolution,
    calculated as (num / denom) * 10^exp and stored in dots per meter,
    to floating-point dots per inch."""
    if denom == 0:
        return None
    return (254 * num * (10**exp)) / (10000 * denom)


def _parse_jp2_header(
    fp: IO[bytes],
) -> tuple[
    tuple[int, int],
    str,
    str | None,
    tuple[float, float] | None,
    ImagePalette.ImagePalette | None,
]:
    """Parse the JP2 header box to extract size, component count,
    color space information, and optionally DPI information,
    returning a (size, mode, mimetype, dpi) tuple."""

    # Find the JP2 header box
    reader = BoxReader(fp)
    header = None
    mimetype = None
    while reader.has_next_box():
        tbox = reader.next_box_type()

        if tbox == b"jp2h":
            header = reader.read_boxes()
            break
        elif tbox == b"ftyp":
            if reader.read_fields(">4s")[0] == b"jpx ":
                mimetype = "image/jpx"
    assert header is not None

    size = None
    mode = None
    bpc = None
    nc = None
    dpi = None  # 2-tuple of DPI info, or None
    palette = None

    while header.has_next_box():
        tbox = header.next_box_type()

        if tbox == b"ihdr":
            height, width, nc, bpc = header.read_fields(">IIHB")
            assert isinstance(height, int)
            assert isinstance(width, int)
            assert isinstance(bpc, int)
            size = (width, height)
            if nc == 1 and (bpc & 0x7F) > 8:
                mode = "I;16"
            elif nc == 1:
                mode = "L"
            elif nc == 2:
                mode = "LA"
            elif nc == 3:
                mode = "RGB"
            elif nc == 4:
                mode = "RGBA"
        elif tbox == b"colr" and nc == 4:
            meth, _, _, enumcs = header.read_fields(">BBBI")
            if meth == 1 and enumcs == 12:
                mode = "CMYK"
        elif tbox == b"pclr" and mode in ("L", "LA"):
            ne, npc = header.read_fields(">HB")
            assert isinstance(ne, int)
            assert isinstance(npc, int)
            max_bitdepth = 0
            for bitdepth in header.read_fields(">" + ("B" * npc)):
                assert isinstance(bitdepth, int)
                if bitdepth > max_bitdepth:
                    max_bitdepth = bitdepth
            if max_bitdepth <= 8:
                palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette("RGBA" if npc == 4 else "RGB")
                for i in range(ne):
                    color: list[int] = []
                    for value in header.read_fields(">" + ("B" * npc)):
                        assert isinstance(value, int)
                        color.append(value)
                    palette.getcolor(tuple(color))
                mode = "P" if mode == "L" else "PA"
        elif tbox == b"res ":
            res = header.read_boxes()
            while res.has_next_box():
                tres = res.next_box_type()
                if tres == b"resc":
                    vrcn, vrcd, hrcn, hrcd, vrce, hrce = res.read_fields(">HHHHBB")
                    assert isinstance(vrcn, int)
                    assert isinstance(vrcd, int)
                    assert isinstance(hrcn, int)
                    assert isinstance(hrcd, int)
                    assert isinstance(vrce, int)
                    assert isinstance(hrce, int)
                    hres = _res_to_dpi(hrcn, hrcd, hrce)
                    vres = _res_to_dpi(vrcn, vrcd, vrce)
                    if hres is not None and vres is not None:
                        dpi = (hres, vres)
                    break

    if size is None or mode is None:
        msg = "Malformed JP2 header"
        raise SyntaxError(msg)

    return size, mode, mimetype, dpi, palette


##
# Image plugin for JPEG2000 images.


class Jpeg2KImageFile(ImageFile.ImageFile):
    format = "JPEG2000"
    format_description = "JPEG 2000 (ISO 15444)"

    def _open(self) -> None:
        sig = self.fp.read(4)
        if sig == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51":
            self.codec = "j2k"
            self._size, self._mode = _parse_codestream(self.fp)
            self._parse_comment()
        else:
            sig = sig + self.fp.read(8)

            if sig == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP  \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a":
                self.codec = "jp2"
                header = _parse_jp2_header(self.fp)
                self._size, self._mode, self.custom_mimetype, dpi, self.palette = header
                if dpi is not None:
                    self.info["dpi"] = dpi
                if self.fp.read(12).endswith(b"jp2c\xff\x4f\xff\x51"):
                    hdr = self.fp.read(2)
                    length = _binary.i16be(hdr)
                    self.fp.seek(length - 2, os.SEEK_CUR)
                    self._parse_comment()
            else:
                msg = "not a JPEG 2000 file"
                raise SyntaxError(msg)

        self._reduce = 0
        self.layers = 0

        fd = -1
        length = -1

        try:
            fd = self.fp.fileno()
            length = os.fstat(fd).st_size
        except Exception:
            fd = -1
            try:
                pos = self.fp.tell()
                self.fp.seek(0, io.SEEK_END)
                length = self.fp.tell()
                self.fp.seek(pos)
            except Exception:
                length = -1

        self.tile = [
            ImageFile._Tile(
                "jpeg2k",
                (0, 0) + self.size,
                0,
                (self.codec, self._reduce, self.layers, fd, length),
            )
        ]

    def _parse_comment(self) -> None:
        while True:
            marker = self.fp.read(2)
            if not marker:
                break
            typ = marker[1]
            if typ in (0x90, 0xD9):
                # Start of tile or end of codestream
                break
            hdr = self.fp.read(2)
            length = _binary.i16be(hdr)
            if typ == 0x64:
                # Comment
                self.info["comment"] = self.fp.read(length - 2)[2:]
                break
            else:
                self.fp.seek(length - 2, os.SEEK_CUR)

    @property  # type: ignore[override]
    def reduce(
        self,
    ) -> (
        Callable[[int | tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int, int, int] | None], Image.Image]
        | int
    ):
        # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/issues/4343 found that the
        # new Image 'reduce' method was shadowed by this plugin's 'reduce'
        # property. This attempts to allow for both scenarios
        return self._reduce or super().reduce

    @reduce.setter
    def reduce(self, value: int) -> None:
        self._reduce = value

    def load(self) -> Image.core.PixelAccess | None:
        if self.tile and self._reduce:
            power = 1 << self._reduce
            adjust = power >> 1
            self._size = (
                int((self.size[0] + adjust) / power),
                int((self.size[1] + adjust) / power),
            )

            # Update the reduce and layers settings
            t = self.tile[0]
            assert isinstance(t[3], tuple)
            t3 = (t[3][0], self._reduce, self.layers, t[3][3], t[3][4])
            self.tile = [ImageFile._Tile(t[0], (0, 0) + self.size, t[2], t3)]

        return ImageFile.ImageFile.load(self)


def _accept(prefix: bytes) -> bool:
    return (
        prefix[:4] == b"\xff\x4f\xff\x51"
        or prefix[:12] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x0cjP  \x0d\x0a\x87\x0a"
    )


# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Save support


def _save(im: Image.Image, fp: IO[bytes], filename: str | bytes) -> None:
    # Get the keyword arguments
    info = im.encoderinfo

    if isinstance(filename, str):
        filename = filename.encode()
    if filename.endswith(b".j2k") or info.get("no_jp2", False):
        kind = "j2k"
    else:
        kind = "jp2"

    offset = info.get("offset", None)
    tile_offset = info.get("tile_offset", None)
    tile_size = info.get("tile_size", None)
    quality_mode = info.get("quality_mode", "rates")
    quality_layers = info.get("quality_layers", None)
    if quality_layers is not None and not (
        isinstance(quality_layers, (list, tuple))
        and all(
            isinstance(quality_layer, (int, float)) for quality_layer in quality_layers
        )
    ):
        msg = "quality_layers must be a sequence of numbers"
        raise ValueError(msg)

    num_resolutions = info.get("num_resolutions", 0)
    cblk_size = info.get("codeblock_size", None)
    precinct_size = info.get("precinct_size", None)
    irreversible = info.get("irreversible", False)
    progression = info.get("progression", "LRCP")
    cinema_mode = info.get("cinema_mode", "no")
    mct = info.get("mct", 0)
    signed = info.get("signed", False)
    comment = info.get("comment")
    if isinstance(comment, str):
        comment = comment.encode()
    plt = info.get("plt", False)

    fd = -1
    if hasattr(fp, "fileno"):
        try:
            fd = fp.fileno()
        except Exception:
            fd = -1

    im.encoderconfig = (
        offset,
        tile_offset,
        tile_size,
        quality_mode,
        quality_layers,
        num_resolutions,
        cblk_size,
        precinct_size,
        irreversible,
        progression,
        cinema_mode,
        mct,
        signed,
        fd,
        comment,
        plt,
    )

    ImageFile._save(im, fp, [ImageFile._Tile("jpeg2k", (0, 0) + im.size, 0, kind)])


# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Registry stuff


Image.register_open(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, Jpeg2KImageFile, _accept)
Image.register_save(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, _save)

Image.register_extensions(
    Jpeg2KImageFile.format, [".jp2", ".j2k", ".jpc", ".jpf", ".jpx", ".j2c"]
)

Image.register_mime(Jpeg2KImageFile.format, "image/jp2")
